In computing Computing, also known as computer science, is usually defined as the activity of using and improving computer technology, computer hardware and software. It is the computer-specific part of information technology. Computer science is the study and the science of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation, a user is a person who uses a computer A computer is a programmable machine that receives input, stores and manipulates data//information, and provides output in a useful format or Internet The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope that are linked by a broad array of electronic and service. A user may have a user account that identifies the user by a username (also user name), screen name (also screenname), or "handle", which is derived from the identical Citizen's Band radio Citizens' Band radio is, in many countries, a system of short-distance radio communications between individuals on a selection of 40 channels within the 27-MHz (11 m) band. The CB radio service is distinct from FRS, GMRS, MURS, or amateur ("ham") radio. In many countries, CB does not require a license and, unlike amateur radio, it may be term. To log in In computer security, a login or logon is the process by which individual access to a computer system is controlled by identification of the user using credentials provided by the user to an account, a user is typically required to authenticate Authentication is the act of establishing or confirming something (or someone) as authentic, that is, that claims made by or about the subject are true ("authentification" is a French language variant of this word). This might involve confirming the identity of a person, tracing the origins of an artifact, ensuring that a product is what himself/herself/itself with a password A password is a secret word or string of characters that is used for authentication, to prove identity or gain access to a resource . The password should be kept secret from those not allowed access or other credentials Examples of credentials include academic diplomas, academic degrees, certifications, security clearances, identification documents, badges, passwords, user names, keys, powers of attorney, and so on. Sometimes publications, such as scientific papers or books, may be viewed as similar to credentials by some people, especially if the publication was for the purposes of accounting Accountancy is the art of communicating financial information about a business entity to users such as shareholders and managers. The communication is generally in the financial´s form statements that show in money terms the economic resources under the control of management; the art lies in selecting the information that is relevant to the user, security Computer security is a branch of computer technology known as information security as applied to computers and networks. The objective of computer security includes protection of information and property from theft, corruption, or natural disaster, while allowing the information and property to remain accessible and productive to its intended, logging A data logger is an electronic device that records data over time or in relation to location either with a built in instrument or sensor or via external instruments and sensors. Increasingly, but not entirely, they are based on a digital processor (or computer). They generally are small, battery powered, portable, and equipped with a, and resource management In organizational studies, resource management is the efficient and effective deployment for an organization's resources when they are needed. Such resources may include financial resources, inventory, human skills, production resources, or information technology . In the realm of project management, processes, techniques and philosophies as to. For a discussion of user satisfaction, see Computer user satisfaction.
Users are also widely characterized as the class of people that use a system without complete technical expertise required to fully understand the system. In most hacker Today, mainstream usage mostly refers to computer criminals, due to the mass media usage of the word since the 1980s. This includes script kiddies, people breaking into computers using programs written by others, with very little knowledge about the way they work. This usage has become so predominant that a large segment of the general public is-related contexts, they are also divided into lusers In Internet slang, a luser is a painfully annoying, stupid, or irritating computer user. It is a portmanteau of "loser" and "user" and power users A power user is a user of a personal computer who has the ability to use advanced features of programs which are beyond the abilities of "normal" users, but is not necessarily capable of programming and system administration. In enterprise software systems such as Oracle or SAP, this title may go to an individual who is not a programmer,. Both are terms of degradation, but the latter connotes a "know-it-all" attitude. See also End-user The end-user is a concept in software engineering, referring to an abstraction of the group of persons who will ultimately operate a piece of software.
Semantics
A user account allows one to authenticate Authentication is the act of establishing or confirming something (or someone) as authentic, that is, that claims made by or about the subject are true ("authentification" is a French language variant of this word). This might involve confirming the identity of a person, tracing the origins of an artifact, ensuring that a product is what to system services. It also generally provides one with the opportunity to be authorized Authorization is the function of specifying access rights to resources, which is related to information security and computer security in general and to access control in particular. More formally, "to authorize" is to define access policy. For example, human resources staff are normally authorized to access employee records, and this to access them. However, authentication does not automatically imply authorization. Once the user has logged on, the operating system will often use an identifier such as an integer to refer to them, rather than their username. On Unix Unix is a computer operating system originally developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs, including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Brian Kernighan, Douglas McIlroy, and Joe Ossanna. Today's Unix systems are split into various branches, developed over time by AT&T as well as various commercial vendors and non-profit systems this is called the user identifier Unix-like operating systems identify users within the kernel by an unsigned integer value called a user identifier, often abbreviated to UID or User ID. The range of UID values varies amongst different systems; at the very least, a UID represents a 15-bit integer, ranging between 0 and 32767, with the following restrictions: or user id.
Computer systems are divided into two groups based on what kind of users they have:
- single-user systems do not have a concept of several user accounts
- multi-user Multi-user is a term that defines an operating system or application software that allows concurrent access by multiple users of a computer. Time-sharing systems are multi-user systems. Most batch processing systems for mainframe computers may also be considered "multi-user", to avoid leaving the CPU idle while it waits for I/O systems have such a concept, and require users to identify themselves before using the system.
See also
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to: People using computers |
- Luser In Internet slang, a luser is a painfully annoying, stupid, or irritating computer user. It is a portmanteau of "loser" and "user"
- Nickname A nickname is a descriptive name given in place of or in addition to the official name of a person, place or thing. It can also be the familiar or truncated form of the proper name, which may sometimes be used simply for convenience (e.g. "Bobby", "Bob", "Rob", "Hob", or "Bert" for the name Robert)
- Home directory A Home directory is a file system directory on a multi-user operating system containing files for a given user of the system. The specifics of the home directory is defined by the operating system involved; for example, Windows systems between 2000 and 2003 keep home directories in a folder called Documents and Settings
- Identity correlation In information systems, identity correlation is a process that reconciles and validates the proper ownership of disparate user account login IDs that reside on systems and applications throughout an organization and can permanently link ownership of those user account login IDs to particular individuals by assigning a unique identifier (also
- User profile A profile is a collection of personal data associated to a specific user. A profile refers therefore to the explicit digital representation of a person's identity. A user profile can also be considered as the computer representation of a user model
- User error
References
This article was originally based on material from the Free On-line Dictionary of Computing The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing is an online, searchable, encyclopedic dictionary of computing subjects. It was founded in 1985 by Denis Howe and is hosted by Imperial College London. Howe has served as the editor-in-chief since the dictionary's inception, with visitors to the website able to make suggestions for additions or corrections, which is licensed under the GFDL The GNU Free Documentation License is a copyleft license for free documentation, designed by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) for the GNU Project. It is similar to the GNU General Public License, giving readers the rights to copy, redistribute, and modify a work and requires all copies and derivatives to be available under the same license.
Thu, 01 Jul 2010 13:06:39 GMT+00:00
MarketWatch (press release) ... project management, systems integration, infrastructure management and end- user computing , as well as strategic business and technology consulting. ...
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Wed, 03 Jun 2009 20:00:00 GM
After four decades, the future of a once revolutionary the operating system is clouded, but its legacy will endure.
